How long can food safely be left out at room temperature?

Food can safely be left out at room temperature for no more than 2 hours. This guideline is based on the principles of food safety that emphasize the growth of harmful bacteria, which can multiply rapidly when food is kept in the "danger zone" between 41°F and 135°F (5°C and 57°C). After 2 hours, the risk of foodborne illness increases significantly because bacteria can double in number every 20 minutes in that temperature range.

This guideline is particularly important for perishable items, including meats, dairy products, and cooked foods. If the temperature in the environment is above 90°F (32°C), such as at outdoor gatherings in the summer, food should not be left out for more than 1 hour. Following these time limits is crucial to maintain food safety and minimize the risk of bacteria causing illness.